学系在美国大学的诞生与发展     

陈廷柱  吴慰 《高等教育研究》2018,(12):76-85

创建学系组织并逐步形成现代学系制度,是美国高等教育的重大创新。自18世纪60年代开始,学系已成为美国大学标识教师身份的管理工具;到19世纪20年代,以弗吉尼亚和哈佛大学为代表的部分高校开启了学系组织化的初步探索;1890至1910年美国大学趋于普遍建立学系组织,学系的重要地位以及现代学系制度得以正式确立。学系在美国大学的诞生与发展是众多力量合流的结果,学系的诞生与发展延续了德国大学讲座制的专业主义精神与知识分化逻辑,为美国大学全面提升治理水平、办学质量与规模效益,为迎接高等教育大众化与轴心时代的到来提供了组织架构与制度安排,产生了深远与广泛的影响。  相似文献   

聚焦设计:实践与方法(上)——美国“以学生为中心”的本科教学改革研究之三     

赵炬明 《高等工程教育研究》2018,(2):30-44

本文是美国"以学生为中心"的本科教学改革研究之三,主要介绍在这场改革中美国学者和教师创造的行之有效的实践和方法。全文共九部分。第1~3部分介绍相关文献、科学基础和大学教学有效性双因素假设。第4~6部分介绍由科学研究、受生活与职业发展影响和由经验总结而产生的实践与方法。第7部分是SC方法论,讨论了"SC方法树"、"3650"框架和5个"方法论误区"。第8部分是关于SC改革的未来,介绍了颠覆性创新概念和两所创新性学校。文章特别强调了设计在课堂教学模式改革中的核心作用。好的设计能把SC原则贯穿教学实践,能结合学生实际,促进学生有效学习。由于原文较长,故分为上下篇发表。上篇包括前四部分,下篇包括后五部分。  相似文献   

民国时期中美图书馆交流史序说:研究综述、理论基础与历史分期   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

肖鹏 《中国图书馆学报》2018,44(3):96-111

民国时期的中美图书馆交流史不仅是理解中国图书馆与图书馆学缘起的重要议题,在回应图书馆领域史学研究的“双重困境”方面,也具有其特殊的价值。梳理民国时期中美图书馆交流史的相关文献和研究主题发现,本课题难点在于庞杂的线索、社群与诸多政治、经济因素的介入等。由此,本研究吸收“世界体系理论”“书籍交流圈”等跨学科的思想和方法,提出一个由宏观、中观和微观三个层次组成的理论视角,并阐述这一理论视角如何转化为具体的研究方法,以提高学界对民国时期中美图书馆交流史研究的整体理解和把控能力。研究发现,“专业交往”到“文化外交”的视角渐变是民国时期中美图书馆交流的核心轴线,以此可以将这段历史分为四个时期,帮助我们把握不同时期的交往脉络、主要成就和基本特点。表1。参考文献73。  相似文献   

19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究     

刘雯 《中国图书馆学报》2018,44(5):114-129

美国主日学校图书馆是十九世纪基督教传教活动的一种辅助设施,以向儿童进行宗教和伦理教化为主要目的。作为公共图书馆兴起以前重要的图书馆形态,其定位、功能与作用值得系统深入的研究。主日学校图书馆的创设始于19世纪初期,1850年左右成为美国提供宗教文献和儿童读物的主要渠道,其广泛建立和发展一直持续到1880年,之后日渐式微。主日学校图书馆藏书重点由宗教文献向通俗童书过渡;分类编目处于草创阶段,较为粗略;读者服务规章严格,以闭架借阅为主;率先向儿童免费开放,是儿童图书馆事业的基石;培养儿童阅读习惯,促进了美国基础教育的发展;突破阶级、种族和性别壁垒,促进了公共图书馆民主、平等与包容等服务理念的形成;遍布美国各地,奠定了农村图书馆事业发展的基础。表1。参考文献38。  相似文献   

A post-American world? Assessing the cognitive and attitudinal impacts of challenges to American exceptionalism     

Jason Gilmore  Charles Rowling 《The Communication Review》2018,21(1):46-65

A number of voices have emerged in U.S. political discourse questioning the legitimacy of American exceptionalism, suggesting we are in a “post-American world.” Our research examines the effects that political messages that explicitly challenge American exceptionalism can have on U.S. public opinion. Drawing upon social identity theory, we find that explicit challenges to American exceptionalism significantly impact Americans’ views toward their own nation, their willingness to denigrate foreign publics, and their broader foreign policy preferences.  相似文献   

Intercultural Communication and the Central States Region     

Alberto González 《Communication Studies》2018,69(4):362-365

This reflection essay describes the Central States Region as an area rich in intercultural communication. González describes Mexican American migrant farmworker organizing as an intercultural activity since the union activists attempted to influence both Mexican heritage and European heritage audiences. González also describes the many interculturalists working in the Midwest who influenced his early research.  相似文献   

“There’s nothing I hate more than a racist:” (Re)centering whiteness in American Horror Story: Coven     

Amanda Kay LeBlanc 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2018,35(3):273-285

This article examines race and racism in the popular cable horror-drama American Horror Story: Coven. Centered around a feud between a white witch coven and a black, voodoo group of witches, Coven overtly deals with the issue of racism, but presents racism as a phenomenon contained in the past; something that does not happen anymore. Using critical post-race theory and scholarship on colorblind racism, whiteness, as well as black feminist theory, I show that although the narrative of Coven explicitly decries racism, it simultaneously invests in colorblind racist narratives and dialogue. Whiteness is central in Coven, operating through discourse that ignores racial difference and contemporary forms of oppression and erasure. Coven uses graphic depictions of violence against black bodies, makes explicit connections between black sexuality and animals, and uses exotic and aggressive stereotypes of black women to tell its story. Thus, Coven’s narrative both condemns racism and relies on it. This article shows that the contemporaneous presentations of explicit anti-racist dialogue and racist imagery work to (re)place whiteness at the center of Coven, a TV show that purports to forward a message of equality and justice for those who are different.  相似文献   

Are gait characteristics and ground reaction forces related to energy cost of running in elite Kenyan runners?     

J. Santos-Concejero  N. Tam  D. R. Coetzee  J. Oliván  T. D. Noakes  R. Tucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):531-538

The aim of this study was to determine whether gait cycle characteristics are associated with running economy in elite Kenyan runners. Fifteen elite Kenyan male runners completed two constant-speed running sets on a treadmill (12 km ·h^?1 and 20 km ·h^?1). VO₂ and respiratory exchange ratio values were measured to calculate steady-state oxygen and energy cost of running. Gait cycle characteristics and ground contact forces were measured at each speed. Oxygen cost of running at different velocities was 192.2 ± 14.7 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 12 km· h^?1 and 184.8 ± 9.9 ml· kg^?1· km^?1 at 20 km· h^?1, which corresponded to a caloric cost of running of 0.94 ± 0.07 kcal ·kg^?1·km^?1 and 0.93 ± 0.07 kcal· kg^?1· km^?1. We found no significant correlations between oxygen and energy cost of running and biomechanical variables and ground reaction forces at either 12 or 20 km· h^?1. However, ground contact times were ~10.0% shorter (very large effect) than in previously published literature in elite runners at similar speeds, alongside an 8.9% lower oxygen cost (very large effect). These results provide evidence to hypothesise that the short ground contact times may contribute to the exceptional running economy of Kenyan runners.  相似文献   

美国篮球经典进攻战术体系形成的必然性研究     

徐校飞  李杰凯  许滨 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(8):91-96+119

摘要：以4个美国经典进攻战术体系为研究案例，通过文献资料法、专家访谈法及实地考察法对美国经典进攻战术体系形成的必然性进行了剖析，以期对我国篮球教练员构建进攻战术体系提供参考。研究认为竞争基因是美国篮球运动发源和发展的基础，发达的社会经济和巨大的资金投入、激烈频繁的赛事、高等教育及多元化哲学思想的影响、Scouting技术和篮球规则的改变等因素的综合作用使美国篮球进攻战术体系的形成成为必然。我国应借鉴美国大学篮球的成功因素，从而推动我国大学篮球运动的快速发展。  相似文献   

基于建构主义的英美文学研究性教学探究     

李文良  马晓颖 《唐山学院学报》2011,24(5):109-110

针对英美文学的教学现状及问题,探讨了建构主义理论指导下英美文学研究性教学的改革与实践,并对改革实践效果做出了初步的总结与分析。  相似文献